Denver Seminary

2022-2023 Student Handbook 66 personhood as it relates to gender identity. The role of the Christian community is of paramount importance in encouraging and empowering one another to pursue wholeness in these matters. Human Sexuality and the Mission of the Church The scope of the gospel of Jesus Christ and, therefore, the mission of the Church encompasses all people. The gospel that we embrace includes not only the hope of forgiveness but also the call to lead a life that is consistent with the character and purpose of God in all areas of life, including sexuality. In like manner, the gospel invites believers into a dynamic relationship with the indwelling Spirit of God through whom we come to recognize and resist deeply embedded temptations to sin. Furthermore, the gospel invites believers into a community of faith where relationships of genuine love for one another can meet deep needs and longings for intimacy. The posture and message of the Church regarding sexuality must be based on the truth of Scripture and reflect the mercy and compassion of Christ. The behavior of the believing community must not in any way support the misperception that Christians hate others who have embraced sexual behaviors or gender identities that are not consistent with those affirmed in Scripture. Redemption and transformation are deeply rooted in the gospel message. So must they also permeate the Church's life and mission. Notes 1 Sexuality is not limited to just physical or biological reproductive elements and behaviors but also includes the ways individuals view their own identities, social roles, relationships, values, customs and norms. In this document we use the phrase "sexuality" to encompass the physical, psychological, social and emotional realities of sexual behavior, sexual orientation, and gender identity. Within psychological literature, "gender identity" describes an individual's internal psychological or cognitive and emotional identification or disidentification with their biological sex. It is generally defined as the extent to which an individual accepts, integrates, values, and identifies as being either male or female, masculine or feminine, or a combination thereof. 2 If such were the case, then one could argue that the ban on coveting, for example (Exodus 20:17; Deuteronomy 5:21), applies only to men because it explicitly mentions only wives (and not husbands) as an object of coveting. 3 The Leviticus passages clearly prohibit homosexual activity. Attempts to qualify these prohibitions by ignoring their broad apodictic nature are not exegetically convincing. For example, to argue that this applies only to close relatives who live in Israel ignores the book's wilderness context (Leviticus was not given in the land of Israel). On the other hand, the suggestion that the idiom, "lie in the beds of," refers to a non-sexual activity, on the basis of four of the five other occurrences of this expression (Psalm 149:5; Isaiah 57:2; Hosea 7:14; and Micah 2:1), is problematic. The fifth occurrence, Genesis 35:22, does refer to an illicit sexual act (Reuben lying with his father's concubine). Further, this interpretation misses the context of both Leviticus 18 and 20, which are primarily concerned with forbidden sexual activity. Only in these two locations is the full phrase used, "you shall not lie in the beds of a woman." These attempts appear as special pleading to avoid the implications of the text. The laws regarding homosexuality in Leviticus 18 and 20 should be considered in the ancient Near Eastern cultural context, in the Israelite social context, and in the literary context of Leviticus. Leviticus 18:2-3, 24-28 identify the prohibited practices here, including homosexuality, as forbidden because they were practiced by the Egyptians and by the peoples of Canaan. While mythic texts of Egypt and of Ugarit (a city on the modern Syrian coast whose myths regarding Baal and other deities provide a 13th century B.C. background for Canaanite beliefs) do indeed describe various sexual practices forbidden in Leviticus 18 (and 20), they do not specify homosexual activities. Across the ancient world (except for child rape which is banned), only the Middle Assyrian laws (14th- 11th centuries B.C.) prohibit homosexual activity, wherein as punishment the perpetrator was to be sodomized and

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