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109 to help another on the spiritual journey. The class introduces a number of skills necessary for the soul care giver, as well as gives students space to practice these skills through an in-class practicum experience of offering spiritual direction to fellow students, supervised by an experienced spiritual direction supervisor. Prerequisite: CF 513 Theology and Practice of Spiritual Direction I. Two or three hours. CF 591, 691 Individualized Study in Christian Formation and Soul Care These course numbers are reserved for courses that are designed to free the student for independent investigation in Christian Formation and Soul Care under the guidance of a professor. One to three hours. CF 600 History and Traditions of Christian Spirituality This course considers the historical developments of Christian spirituality from the patristics to the modern age. It includes an exploration of various early monastic spiritualities and lay experiences in the centuries before the rise of Protestant communities; of reforming movements in different generations; of Evangelical roots; and of the growing influence of Pentecostalism around the world. Three hours. CF 602 Spiritual Formation for Life and Ministry This course is designed to give understanding and experience of spiritual formation and its practices as defined by the New Testament and the history of the disciples of Jesus. At times, spiritual formation has been stereotyped as being at odds with ministry and mission: inward focus versus outward focus. The course will demonstrate the biblical and historical integration of the two, particularly with a view to the insights of the ancient church. Students work on a genogram of their formational background and develop a Rule for Ministry. Two or three hours. CF 608 Redemptive Suffering This course explores the universal phenomenon of human suffering with special attention to God's design and purpose for suffering in the lives of committed Christian disciples. God honoring responses that can be made, the transformational outcomes of suffering, and how to minister to those who suffer are thoroughly explored. Two hours. CF 614 Psychology and Spiritual Direction This course is designed to explore the intersection of trauma, psychology, and the practice of spiritual direction. Although spiritual directors are not mental health clinicians, a fundamental understanding of psychological development, trauma, and attachment is necessary to equip spiritual directors to be effective and discerning in their discipline. This course will focus on identifying the tenets of trauma- informed care, understanding common psychological and attachment disorders, navigating psychological and spiritual crises, and cultivating greater self-awareness as it relates to the relational dynamics within spiritual direction. Prerequisites: CF 513 The Practice of Spiritual Direction; CF 516 Theology and Dynamics of Spiritual Direction or CF 603 Skill Development in Soul Care. Two or three hours. CF 615 Communal Formation: Congregations, Cultures, and Contexts This seminar course explores how formational ministries can be effectively cultivated in congregations, mission organizations, and educational institutions. Consideration will be given to conducting formational ministries in diverse cultural environments. The course is a combination of group discussion, a supervised internship experience, presentations, and an integrative summary. To be taken in the student's final spring semester as the degree capstone course. Pre or corequisites: CF 503 Theology for Christian Formation; CF 504 Processes and Practices of Spiritual Formation. Three hours. CF 616 Critical Issues in Spiritual Direction This course considers both the essential qualities of a spiritual director, as well as the various modalities that spiritual direction can take. It covers the practical concerns of initiating, sustaining, and concluding soul care relationships, and gives guidelines for ethical and legal considerations. It also provides guidance