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130 OT 661 Old Testament Theology and Religion Course includes three components: (1) Discover significant issues and achievements of recent scholarly endeavor in Old Testament theology; (2) consider the history of the discipline and read the most influential theologies of the Old Testament—how have modern believers understood their faith in the Old Testament and its relationship to the New Testament; and (3) examine the actual beliefs and practices of ancient Israel using archaeological and textual evidence—how did the ancient people of God live out their faith in the contexts of other religions and cultures? Special attention is given to Old Testament teachings on gender and the global mission of God. Three hours. OT 670 Jewish and Rabbinic Interpretation of Old Testament Texts This course will familiarize students with the rich heritage of Jewish biblical interpretation and provide a framework through which students can access and understand the historical development of Jewish interpretation of the Old Testament, ranging from the Second Temple period to the closure of the Babylonian Talmud (c. 600 CE). We will work through the varieties of early Jewish works (Philo, Dead Sea Scrolls, Apocrypha and pseudepigrapha, apocalyptic texts) and rabbinic literature (Mishnah, Tosefta, Targum, Midrash, and Talmuds). We will also scrutinize the New Testament writings in their Jewish milieu, emphasizing the Messianic Jewish hermeneutics of the Scriptures among the first disciples of Yeshua. The students will also engage with classic Jewish Bible commentators (e.g., Rashi, Ramban, Radak) and contemporary Israeli biblical scholarship. We will draw on the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible to guide us in the task of Parshanut Miqra. Three hours. OT 680 Women in Leadership in Old Testament and Ancient Near East Study of the private and public lives of women in the Old Testament and the Ancient Near East, focusing on the following topics: the home, the public square, sexual intimacy, the economy, religion, call to leadership, female deities, women in the patriarchal world, violence against women, equality and subordination, female slavery, prostitution, rape, women and the law, literacy, etc. Three hours. OT 701 Hebrew Exegesis of Old Testament Texts Focuses on the study and interpretation of selected Hebrew texts or delves into a book of the Hebrew Bible. This course develops skills in translation and in the use of scholarly tools for an in-depth exegetical analysis of Hebrew texts. This is an essential course for all who wish to preach and teach from the Old Testament. Prerequisite: OT 502 Learning Hebrew and Its Grammar (Hebrew II). Three hours. OT 741 Septuagint Focus on the reading and interpretation of significant Old Testament texts in the Hebrew and Greek translations, and the corresponding New Testament citations. Develop skills in the analysis of the original languages. Prepare for the independent study of the texts and versions of the Old Testament, for the use of the Old Testament in the New Testament, and for the reading of Greek New Testament texts in light of their citation of the Old Testament. May also credit as a New Testament elective. Prerequisites: OT 502 Learning Hebrew and Its Grammar (Hebrew II); NT 502 New Testament Greek II. Two or three hours. OT 742 Aramaic Aramaic is the language of the New Testament world and of much of the books of Ezra and Daniel. This class builds upon Hebrew to simplify biblical Aramaic and provides an introduction to the language and tools for interpretation and exegesis. Students will read accounts of Ezra and the heroic stories and prophecies of Daniel. Prerequisite: OT 502 Learning Hebrew and Its Grammar (Hebrew II). Two or three hours.